The painting probably comes from a polyptych to which a series of panels depicting saints belonged. Of these, only a few are known, sharing the same decorative motif in the upper part, the same compositional scheme and the refined punching of the background and halo, elements also present in the San Girolamo here at auction.
Among the re-emerged panels belonging to this polyptych, we note, first and foremost, the San Domenico from the Castelvecchio Museum in Verona (tempera on panel, 62 x 38.5 cm; G. Romano, entry in the Castelvecchio Museum. General catalogue of paintings and miniatures from the Veronese civic collections. From the end of the 10th to the beginning of the 16th century , edited by P. Marini, G. Peretti, F. Rossi, Cinisello Balsamo 2010, I, pp. 137-138), a work which has a complex attribution history and for which the names of Stefano da Verona have been hypothesized, in particular (B. Berenson, Italian pictures of the Renaissance, Oxford 1932, p. 550 and A. Avena, Capolavori della pittura veronese , exhibition catalogue, Verona 1947, pp. 59-60, no. 107) and Giovanni Badile (M. Boskovits, Lombard art of the first half of the 16th century ). Quattrocento: a re-examination , in Arte in Lombardia tra Gotico e Rinascimento , exhibition catalogue, Milan 1988, p. 36, p. 32 fig. 27, p. 48 note 83); from these masters, the attribution then moved to the circle of Michele Giambono (E. Moench Scherer, Verona in La pittura nel Veneto. Il Quattrocento , edited by M. Lucco, Milan 1989, I, p. 172, fig. 247).
Boskovits deserves credit for having identified a first twin panel of the Veronese San Domenico , that is, a Holy Pope that appeared on the market in 1974 at a London auction (Bonhams, 28 March 1974, lot 25, panel, 63.5 x 39.4 cm) with an attribution to Paolo da Brescia and provenance from the Marshall collection.
The studies on the polyptych, which were started by Boskovits himself, now rely on the presence of two further panels: a Saint Dorothy and a Saint Vincent Ferrer , formerly in Florence, at the antique dealer Stefano Bardini (E. Fahy, L'archivio storico fotografico di Stefano Bardini. Dipinti, disegni, miniature, stampe , Florence 2000, p. 17, n. 55). The reconstruction of what must have been a large Dominican polyptych, composed of at least ten panels arranged on two levels, is thus gradually taking shape (G. Romano, ibidem , p. 138) and a new and important piece has now been added thanks to the discovery of this unpublished Saint Jerome which, due to the evident stylistic and compositional affinity with the other four panels ( Saint Dominic, Holy Pope, Saint Dorothy and Saint Vincent Ferrer ), is thought to come from the same nucleus; It should be noted, however, that it has slightly smaller dimensions than the known ones of San Domenico and Santo papa .
Regarding the question of attribution, critics today believe that the name of the author of the polyptych - and therefore also of the panel offered for auction - should be sought in the Piedmontese context for the "characteristics of incisive expressiveness and explicit, harsh evidence" that characterise the different parts (G. Romano, ibidem , p. 138) and, in particular, in the pictorial culture which, reworking the lesson of Giacomo Jacquerio (Turin, circa 1375 -1453), developed between 1450 and 1470.