THIRD EDITION, VERY RARE, OF THE FIRST HERBARIO PRINTED IN THE VERNALAR. The present edition contains some variations compared to the first two (1522 and 1526) and of which no complete copy is known. The Herbolario constitutes one of the first documents of Italian botanical terminology; these are mostly anonymous texts derived from classical, Arab and medieval sources, sometimes erroneously attributed to Arnaldo da Villanova, doctor, alchemist, astrologer and religious reformer. Apart from two woodcuts that reproduce a beehive and the interior of a cellar, the other 149 illustrations depict various types of plants, including medicinal, magical and aphrodisiac herbs, with multiple and powerful virtues. All herbals in the Italian vernacular are extremely rare. Volumes of this type, in Latin and in the vernacular, were very successful because their simple and essential organization - in alphabetical order - allowed natural science scholars such as 'herbalists', pharmacists and physicists, easy and immediate access to the basic concepts of pharmacopoeia and the notions that the oldest medieval authors had drawn from antiquity. From a scientific point of view, however, these herbaria have a rather limited value, because the often imprecise descriptions do not always allow for correct identification of the plants and the therapeutic uses are frequently associated with magical-astrological practices. It can be said that all the oldest printed herbariums derive from the Herbarium erroneously attributed to Apuleius and from the so-called Herbarius Maguntinus, printed for the first time in Mainz in 1484. Both fifteenth-century editions of these herbals are based on an older manuscript tradition , which had fused together ancient and medieval knowledge. In Italy, the text of the Herbarius Maguntinus was reprinted in Vicenza in 1491 with the title Tractatus de virtutibus herbarum, accompanied by a new series of woodcuts and an erroneous attribution to Arnaldus of Villanova. In the Herbolario vulgare described here, the text and illustrations derive, with minimal variations, from the Vicenza incunabula edition. “All the woodcuts belong to the Latin tradition of the Hortus Sanitatis, but they were not printed using the blocks of the 1534 edition. The engraving with the Annunciation is found for the first time in a devotional book of 1524 […] the woodcuts 109, 143 and 149 are slightly different from the corresponding ones in the 1534 impression; woodcuts 2 and 3 are reversed due to a typographical error" (free translation by Klebs, Catalog od early herbals...Lugano, 1925, pp. 9-10). Sander 618; Nissen 2317.